What type of Pumped Hydro Energy Storage system is being considered?

There are two main types of pumped hydro:

• Open-loop: with either an upper or lower reservoir that is continuously connected to a naturally flowing water source such as a river.
• Closed-loop: an ‘off-river’ site that produces power from water pumped to an upper reservoir without a significant natural inflow.

Both of our projects will be using a Closed-Loop system.  Water is borrowed from the lake to fill the upper reservoir, charging the battery, and then returned to the lake during energy production.